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A deep-water port is a type of port designed to accommodate and handle large vessels, especially those that exceed the capacity of conventional ports. This port has a channel depth and berth that are large enough for ships to dock and transport goods without encountering water level obstacles. This means that vessels can directly access the port without needing to go through intermediary ports. Deep-water ports play a crucial role in the maritime transport industry by helping reduce costs, enhancing cargo transport capacity, and significantly contributing to the national economic development.
Characteristics of Deep-Water Ports
Deep-water ports have the following prominent features:
Channel Depth and Berth Depth:
Deep-water ports have a channel depth ranging from 12 to 20 meters or more, depending on the size of the ships. This depth allows large vessels (container ships or super-heavy cargo ships) to enter the port without facing water level issues.
Ability to Accommodate Large Vessels:
Deep-water ports can accommodate large container vessels, often referred to as "mother vessels," with a capacity of 10,000 TEU or more. These ships cannot enter regular ports and must use feeder ships.
Modern Technology and Equipment:
Deep-water ports are equipped with modern loading and unloading equipment, such as container cranes capable of handling large volumes of cargo in a short time, helping to increase productivity and reduce ship turnaround time.
Why Are Deep-Water Ports Important for Vietnam's Maritime Transport Industry?
Increased Connectivity with International Markets:
Deep-water ports in Vietnam, such as Cai Mep Port (Ba Ria - Vung Tau), Lach Huyen Port (Hai Phong), and Dinh Vu International Port, can accommodate large vessels, directly connecting to major markets like North America, Europe, and Asia without relying on intermediary ports. This helps save on costs and transportation time, creating favorable conditions for imports and exports, while enhancing the competitiveness of Vietnamese goods on the international market.
Reduced Logistics and Transshipment Costs:
The use of deep-water ports reduces dependency on transshipment ports abroad. This helps lower transportation costs and warehouse time. If goods need to be transferred through intermediary ports, transportation costs would rise significantly. Deep-water ports help reduce costs and vessel turnaround times, benefiting exporters and Vietnam's economy.
Development of the Maritime Transport and Logistics Industry:
Deep-water ports not only reduce transportation costs but also foster the development of professional logistics services. These ports create favorable conditions for the development of distribution centers, warehouses, and related logistics services. This promotes the logistics industry in Vietnam, generating job opportunities and boosting the development of industrial zones and export processing zones.
Enhancement of Port Operational Capacity and Efficiency:
Deep-water ports maximize their capacity by accommodating large vessels. This increases the volume of cargo handled daily, improving port efficiency and reducing costs for transport companies. Transport companies and export businesses can reduce costs and optimize operational processes.
Supporting Regional Economic Development:
Deep-water ports benefit not only large businesses but also help the economic development of coastal areas like Ba Ria - Vung Tau and Hai Phong. These ports create job opportunities, stimulate the development of services and supporting industries, and contribute to regional economic growth.
Attracting Foreign Investment:
With the ability to accommodate large vessels, deep-water ports in Vietnam attract attention from international investors. Shipping companies, manufacturers, and global logistics businesses seek to access these ports to reduce transportation costs and expand their global distribution networks. Investing in deep-water ports helps optimize supply chains and promote the growth of related industries.
Challenges in Developing Deep-Water Ports in Vietnam
Although deep-water ports bring many benefits, the construction and operation of these ports face several challenges. One of the main issues is the need for integrated infrastructure investment. Deep-water ports require modern road, rail, and inland transportation systems to connect with production and consumption areas. Additionally, the development of port areas faces environmental protection challenges and the need to ensure sustainable development.
